Company / Lab · Stage · Status
Three characters.
A clearer landscape.
A compact classification of a named device or research program. Read the organization, its demonstrated stage and its regulatory status at a glance.
L Lab · 2 Animal studies · R Research
C4KC Company · 4 Clinical product · K Cleared
Stage 0–4
Concept
A described concept; no working demonstration established.
1Bench testing
A working bench, in-vitro or ex-vivo demonstration.
2Animal studies
An in-vivo animal study of the specified interface.
3Human studies
A human study, including acute or investigational use.
4Clinical product
A clinical product with documented marketing authorization.
R / A / K
- R Research
- A research or investigational program. Commercial animal-research tools can remain R.
- A Regulatory approved
- Documented clinical marketing authorization, regardless of country. Details identify the regulator and pathway, including FDA PMA, HDE or De Novo, biologics approval, European CE marking or Chinese NMPA approval.
- K Cleared
- A documented clearance, such as FDA 510(k). This remains distinct from approval.
“A” is this site's compact umbrella for marketing authorization. The exact legal pathway stays visible in the source details. FDA humanitarian approval, De Novo authorization and CE marking are not described as FDA PMA approval.
Reading the landscape
The directory starts with the highest documented stage among an organization's current cataloged programs, then sorts alphabetically. Choose “Earliest research first” to explore emerging interfaces, or filter by stage, technology and status. Stage and status filters must match the same program; the displayed badge follows that match.
A question mark means the evidence has not been classified, rather than Stage 0. Funding and headcount do not change a badge. Research-tool sales, patents, trial permission and Breakthrough designation do not make a Stage 4 product.
Human studies include brief intraoperative tests, healthy-volunteer experiments and chronic implant trials; they are not equivalent evidence. Open the program details for that distinction. Authorized use is specific to a device, model and indication. A component's authorization does not authorize an entire BCI system.
Historical products are labeled. An active research program takes priority over a discontinued product; authorization history does not establish present availability.
Every organization, classified
74 organizations · 78 named program records
| Organization | Named program | Code & evidence |
|---|---|---|
| Abbott Medical (Abbott)Company · Plano, Texas | Liberta RC DBS | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4ALiberta RC DBS Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P140009/S087; clearance is not the applicable pathway. |
| Advanced BionicsCompany · Valencia, California | HiRes Ultra 3D cochlear implant | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AHiRes Ultra 3D cochlear implant Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P960058/S129; regulatory authorization does not imply the absence of recalls or device failures. |
| AxogenCompany · Alachua, FL, USA | Avance nerve graft | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AAvance nerve graft Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA biologics approval, BLA 125816; nerve repair scaffold, not an electrical BCI. Traditional and accelerated indications differ. |
| Axonics, Inc.Company · Irvine, California | Axonics sacral neuromodulation | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AAxonics sacral neuromodulation Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P190006 for fecal incontinence; a different PMA covers urinary indications. |
| Bioness Inc.Company · Valencia, California | StimRouter neuromodulation | C4KStage 4 · Clinical productClearedC4KStimRouter neuromodulation Company · Clinical product · Cleared FDA 510(k) K211965; peripheral nerve pain indication. |
| Blackrock NeurotechCompany · Salt Lake City, UT, USA | NeuroPort cortical microelectrode array | C4KStage 4 · Clinical productClearedC4KNeuroPort cortical microelectrode array Company · Clinical product · Cleared FDA-cleared NeuroPort array. This does not clear MoveAgain or every Utah-array BCI application. C3RMoveAgain BCI research Company · Human studies · Research Human BCI research and Breakthrough designation; NeuroPort array clearance does not authorize MoveAgain. |
| BlueWind MedicalCompany | Revi tibial neuromodulation (2024) | C4KStage 4 · Clinical productClearedC4KRevi tibial neuromodulation (2024) Company · Clinical product · Cleared FDA 510(k) K240037 for this configuration; original Revi authorization used De Novo DEN220073. C4AOriginal Revi De Novo configuration Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA De Novo marketing authorization, not PMA approval. The 2024 configuration uses 510(k) clearance. |
| Boston Scientific CorporationCompany · Marlborough, Massachusetts | Vercise Genus DBS | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AVercise Genus DBS Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P150031 and relevant supplements; approved indications are model-specific. |
| Cochlear CorporationCompany · Sydney, Australia | Nucleus cochlear implant family | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4ANucleus cochlear implant family Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA-authorized Nucleus family; the approval applies to specified models and indications. |
| Inspire Medical Systems, Inc.Company | Inspire upper-airway stimulation | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AInspire upper-airway stimulation Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P130008 and relevant supplements; obstructive sleep apnea indications. |
| LivaNovaCompany · Houston, TX, USA | VNS Therapy / SenTiva | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AVNS Therapy / SenTiva Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P970003 and relevant supplements; approved VNS indications are device-specific. |
| MED-ELCompany · Innsbruck, Austria | SYNCHRONY 2 cochlear implant | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4ASYNCHRONY 2 cochlear implant Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P000025/S110; later indication expansions have their own supplements. |
| Medtronic plcCompany · Galway, Ireland (registered principal executive offices) | Percept / SenSight DBS | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4APercept / SenSight DBS Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P960009 and relevant supplements; models and indications are scoped in the device brief. |
| Nalu Medical, Inc.Company · Carlsbad, California | Nalu peripheral neurostimulation | C4KStage 4 · Clinical productClearedC4KNalu peripheral neurostimulation Company · Clinical product · Cleared FDA 510(k) K232415; scope is peripheral nerve stimulation, not every Nalu configuration. |
| NeuracleCompany · Shanghai, China | NeuSen NEO hand-function system | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4ANeuSen NEO hand-function system Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved Chinese NMPA market authorization for the specified hand-grasp compensation system and cervical spinal-cord-injury indication; not FDA approval. |
| NeuroPace, Inc.Company · Mountain View, California | RNS System | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4ARNS System Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P100026; responsive stimulation for the labeled epilepsy indication. |
| Neuros Medical, Inc.Company · Aliso Viejo, California | Altius nerve stimulation | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AAltius nerve stimulation Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P230020; post-amputation phantom and residual limb pain. |
| Nevro Corp.Company · Redwood City, California | Senza HFX iQ | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4ASenza HFX iQ Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P130022/S044; spinal cord stimulation clinical product. |
| Precision NeuroscienceCompany · New York, NY, USA | Layer 7-T cortical array | C4KStage 4 · Clinical productClearedC4KLayer 7-T cortical array Company · Clinical product · Cleared Cleared for cortical recording, monitoring and stimulation with implantation up to 30 days; the future wireless BCI is separate. |
| Saluda Medical Pty LtdCompany · Artarmon, New South Wales, Australia | Evoke SCS | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4AEvoke SCS Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P190002; clinical spinal cord stimulation system. |
| Science CorporationCompany · Alameda, CA, USA | PRIMA retinal implant | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4APRIMA retinal implant Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved European CE marking under the MDR, reported by Science; this is not U.S. FDA approval or approval of the cortical biohybrid program. C2RCortical biohybrid interface Company · Animal studies · Research Mouse optogenetic biohybrid proof of concept; PRIMA retinal authorization does not approve this cortical interface. |
| Second Sight Medical ProductsCompany · Sylmar, CA, USA | Argus II retinal prosthesisHistorical / discontinued | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approved · HistoricalC4AArgus II retinal prosthesis Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved · Historical / discontinued Historical FDA humanitarian approval H110002; discontinued and no longer available. HDE uses a probable-benefit standard. |
| SetPoint MedicalCompany · Valencia, California | SetPoint System | C4AStage 4 · Clinical productRegulatory approvedC4ASetPoint System Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved FDA PMA P240039; specified rheumatoid-arthritis indication, not every autoimmune disease. |
| SPR Therapeutics, Inc.Company · Cleveland, Ohio | SPRINT PNS | C4KStage 4 · Clinical productClearedC4KSPRINT PNS Company · Clinical product · Cleared FDA 510(k) K223306; temporary percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation. |
| AxoftCompany · Cambridge, MA, USA | Fleuron / FINESSE | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RFleuron / FINESSE Company · Human studies · Research Human feasibility research, not a clinical product authorization. |
| BrainGate ConsortiumLab · Providence, RI, USA | BrainGate intracortical BCI studies | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RBrainGate intracortical BCI studies Lab · Human studies · Research Human BCI research; authorization of an array component does not authorize the BrainGate research system. |
| CEA‑ClinatecLab · Grenoble, France | WIMAGINE BCI studies | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RWIMAGINE BCI studies Lab · Human studies · Research Human assistive-control and rehabilitation research. |
| CorTecCompany · Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany | Brain Interchange BCI | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RBrain Interchange BCI Company · Human studies · Research Human Brain Interchange research; FDA IDE and Breakthrough designations are not market approval. |
| CortigentCompany · Valencia, CA, USA | Orion cortical visual prosthesis | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3ROrion cortical visual prosthesis Company · Human studies · Research Investigational cortical prosthesis; historical Argus II approval does not approve Orion. C4AArgus II retinal prosthesis Company · Clinical product · Regulatory approved · Historical / discontinued Historical FDA HDE approval, discontinued. The current investigational Orion program remains separate. |
| INBRAIN NeuroelectronicsCompany · Barcelona, Spain | Graphene cortical interface | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RGraphene cortical interface Company · Human studies · Research First-in-human graphene interface research; Breakthrough designation is not marketing authorization. |
| Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics LaboratoryLab · Laurel, MD, USA | Modular Prosthetic Limb human studies | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RModular Prosthetic Limb human studies Lab · Human studies · Research Human prosthetic-limb studies; APL built the limb, not the cortical electrode interface. |
| Motif NeurotechCompany · Houston, Texas | DOT / XCS clinical research | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RDOT / XCS clinical research Company · Human studies · Research Acute human proof of concept and an investigational XCS trial; trial permission is not market approval. |
| NeuCyber NeuroTech / Beinao-1Company · Beijing, China | Beinao BCI human research | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RBeinao BCI human research Company · Human studies · Research Human research described in the organization brief; do not transfer results between Beinao generations. |
| NeuralinkCompany · Austin, TX, USA | N1 clinical BCI | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RN1 clinical BCI Company · Human studies · Research Investigational N1 implant; PRIME and VOICE are clinical research, not marketing authorization. |
| NeuroXessCompany · Shanghai, China | Flexible ECoG / Triple-F BCI | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RFlexible ECoG / Triple-F BCI Company · Human studies · Research Human studies and a registration trial; marketing authorization is not established by trial registration. |
| NYU Buzsaki LabLab · New York, NY, USA | NeuroGrid surface recording | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RNeuroGrid surface recording Lab · Human studies · Research Two human intraoperative recordings and rat studies in the 2015 NeuroGrid report. |
| ONWARD Medical N.V.Company · Eindhoven, Netherlands | ARC-IM implantable spinal stimulation | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RARC-IM implantable spinal stimulation Company · Human studies · Research Investigational implanted system; do not transfer authorization from the separate ARC-EX external device. |
| ParadromicsCompany · Austin, TX, USA | Connexus BCI | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RConnexus BCI Company · Human studies · Research Human Connexus research; an IDE permits a study, not commercial marketing. |
| Rice University, Robinson labLab · Houston, TX, USA | DOT acute stimulation research | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RDOT acute stimulation research Lab · Human studies · Research The acute human proof of concept is separate from the rat and pig magnetoelectric implant studies; no chronic clinical authorization is implied. |
| StairMedCompany · Shanghai, China | WRS ultraflexible BCI | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RWRS ultraflexible BCI Company · Human studies · Research Human investigational BCI; a registration trial or innovative-device review is not market approval. |
| Stanford University — Neural engineering & brain–computer interfaces ecosystemLab · Stanford, CA, USA | NPTL intracortical communication studies | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RNPTL intracortical communication studies Lab · Human studies · Research Human handwriting and speech neuroprosthesis research. |
| SynchronCompany · Brooklyn, NY, USA | Stentrode BCI | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RStentrode BCI Company · Human studies · Research Human endovascular BCI studies; research program. |
| Technical University of Munich (TUM) University HospitalLab · Munich, Germany | Intracortical robotic-arm control | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RIntracortical robotic-arm control Lab · Human studies · Research Human implant and robotic-control research described by TUM. |
| UC San Diego, Integrated Electronics and Biointerfaces LaboratoryLab · La Jolla, CA, USA | PtNRGrid / microSEEG surgical research | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RPtNRGrid / microSEEG surgical research Lab · Human studies · Research Acute human recordings; no marketed chronic implant is inferred. |
| UCSF Chang LabLab · San Francisco, CA, USA | BRAVO speech neuroprosthesis | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RBRAVO speech neuroprosthesis Lab · Human studies · Research Human ECoG speech-neuroprosthesis research. |
| University of Florida — Neural engineering & BCI ecosystemLab · Gainesville, FL, USA | MEG speech-decoding research | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RMEG speech-decoding research Lab · Human studies · Research Human noninvasive MEG decoding research; no implant product is implied. |
| University of Michigan — Neural engineering & BCI ecosystemLab · Ann Arbor, MI, USA | Connexus intraoperative recording research | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RConnexus intraoperative recording research Lab · Human studies · Research Human intraoperative and clinical research; an affiliation does not imply ownership of Connexus. |
| University of Pittsburgh, Rehab Neural Engineering LabsLab · Pittsburgh, PA, USA | Intracortical control and tactile feedback | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RIntracortical control and tactile feedback Lab · Human studies · Research Human motor-control and sensory-feedback research at Pittsburgh. |
| University of Utah — Neural engineering & neurotechnology ecosystemLab · Salt Lake City, UT, USA | Cortical visual prosthesis research | L3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchL3RCortical visual prosthesis research Lab · Human studies · Research Human intracortical visual-stimulation study; a university research program, not a marketed prosthesis. |
| 天津嵘元智能 (Tianjin Rongyuan Intelligent Technology)Company · Tianjin, China | Endovascular BCI pilot | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3REndovascular BCI pilot Company · Human studies · Research Human pilot described by institutional and registry sources; separate from Synchron Stentrode. |
| 明视脑机 (Mindtrix)Company · Suzhou | Visual-cortex stimulation proof of concept | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RVisual-cortex stimulation proof of concept Company · Human studies · Research Human result used temporary therapeutic electrodes during epilepsy care; the company implant itself was not established as the study hardware. |
| 智冉医疗 (Zhiran Medical)Company · Beijing | Flexible BCI / LEAP | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RFlexible BCI / LEAP Company · Human studies · Research Human implant and multicenter trial; patents are not regulatory approval. |
| 神复健行 (Shenfu Jianxing)Company · Shanghai | Brain-spine interface research | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RBrain-spine interface research Company · Human studies · Research Human investigator-initiated study; a reported Breakthrough pathway is not market approval. |
| 诺尔康 (Zhejiang Nurotron)Company · Hangzhou, China | WH-01A auditory brainstem implant | C3RStage 3 · Human studiesResearchC3RWH-01A auditory brainstem implant Company · Human studies · Research Human study and phase III registry; innovative-device review is not market authorization. |
| Allen InstituteLab · Seattle, WA, USA | Neuropixels Opto prototype | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNeuropixels Opto prototype Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse prototype evidence; community availability in 2028 is a forecast. |
| Brown University, N3 LabLab · Providence, RI, USA | Neurograins | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNeurograins Lab · Animal studies · Research Rodent distributed recording research; separate from BrainGate human work. |
| Columbia University, Shepard labLab · New York, NY, USA | SCOPe / BISC interfaces | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RSCOPe / BISC interfaces Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse and macaque research; the optical and electrical devices are separate. |
| Cornell University, Molnar labLab · Ithaca, NY, USA | MOTE optoelectronic recorder | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RMOTE optoelectronic recorder Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse recordings in a multi-institution collaboration. |
| Cornell University, Xu groupLab · Ithaca, NY, USA | MOTE optoelectronic recorder | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RMOTE optoelectronic recorder Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse research; listed as a collaboration, not sole ownership. |
| Duke Viventi LabLab · Durham, NC, USA | Flexible active-matrix ECoG arrays | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RFlexible active-matrix ECoG arrays Lab · Animal studies · Research Animal cortical recordings; research devices. |
| EPFLLab · Lausanne, Switzerland | E-dura multimodal neural interface | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RE-dura multimodal neural interface Lab · Animal studies · Research Animal soft cortical and spinal-interface research; not a claim about all EPFL programs. |
| Harvard University, Lieber groupLab · Cambridge, MA, USA | Injectable mesh electronics | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RInjectable mesh electronics Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse mesh-electronics experiments. |
| IMECLab · Leuven, Belgium | Neuropixels Opto prototype | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNeuropixels Opto prototype Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse prototype collaboration; institutional affiliation does not identify ownership of every component. |
| Johns Hopkins University, Harris labLab · Baltimore, MD, USA | Neuropixels Quad Base / NXT research | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNeuropixels Quad Base / NXT research Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse electrophysiology evidence; future prototype availability is a plan. |
| MIT — Neural engineering & neurotechnology ecosystemLab · Cambridge, MA, USA | Multimodal neural fibers / MEND | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RMultimodal neural fibers / MEND Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse neural-interface research; fibers and injected nanodiscs are separate platforms. |
| NeuroNexus TechnologiesCompany · Ann Arbor, MI, USA | Silicon probes for animal electrophysiology | C2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchC2RSilicon probes for animal electrophysiology Company · Animal studies · Research Commercial animal research tools; selling a research probe does not make it an authorized human clinical product. |
| Rice University, Luan labLab · Houston, TX, USA | NET / StimNET neural threads | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNET / StimNET neural threads Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse/rodent ultraflexible interface studies; lab collaboration is not sole device ownership. |
| Rice University, Xie labLab · Houston, TX, USA | NET / StimNET neural threads | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNET / StimNET neural threads Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse/rodent studies with Rice collaborators. |
| Rice University, Yang labLab · Houston, TX, USA | ME-BIT magnetoelectric interface | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RME-BIT magnetoelectric interface Lab · Animal studies · Research Rat/pig experiments; delivery demonstrations and stimulation experiments have different scopes. |
| University College London, Carandini labLab · London, UK | Neuropixels Opto prototype | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNeuropixels Opto prototype Lab · Animal studies · Research Mouse research with Allen and IMEC collaborators. |
| University of California, BerkeleyLab · Berkeley, CA, USA | Neural dust / StimDust | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNeural dust / StimDust Lab · Animal studies · Research Animal ultrasonic recording and stimulation research; distinct mote designs. |
| University of Pennsylvania — BCI & neurotechnology ecosystemLab · Philadelphia, PA, USA | Cullen living-electrode constructs | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RCullen living-electrode constructs Lab · Animal studies · Research Animal implantation and synaptic integration described in the living-electrode paper; other Penn programs are separate. |
| University of Texas at Austin, Department of Biomedical EngineeringLab · Austin, TX, USA | Nanoelectronic thread probes | L2RStage 2 · Animal studiesResearchL2RNanoelectronic thread probes Lab · Animal studies · Research Historical UT Austin animal NET research; current Rice affiliations are separate. |
| Merge LabsCompany · San Francisco, CA, USA | Molecular / ultrasound BCI concept | C0RStage 0 · ConceptResearchC0RMolecular / ultrasound BCI concept Company · Concept · Research Publicly described concept and development partnership; no demonstrated stage is inferred from funding. |